Membrane garan ginhka ai hpaji ngu ai gaw, semi-permeable membrane hku lai wa ai shaloi, molecule madang hta n bung ai particle size ni lawm ai molecule ni hpe kayau kaya garan ai hpe tsun mayu ai. Semi-permeable membrane ngu ai hpe garan ginhka ai shingnip (sh) hka ja ai shingnip ngu nna mung shamying ma ai, bunghku ni hpe kaji kajaw hka htung ni hte ka-up da ai. Pore size hpe madung tawn nna, ndai hku garan ginhka mai ai: n-gun n law ai (MF), n-gun n law ai (UF), n-gun n law ai (NF), n-gun n law ai (RO), etc. Membrane hpe garan ginhka ai shaloi, cross-flow filtration (sh) dead-end filtration ladat ni hpe jai lang ai.
Membrane garan ginhka ai hpaji masa gaw, garan ginhka ai membrane hpe shi a npawt nhpang hku lang nna, arai ni hpe garan ginhka, shinggyin la lu ai, san seng hkra galaw ai hpaji masa langai rai nga ai. Ndai hpaji masa gaw, n-gun n rawng ai membrane hpe lang nna garan ginhka ai ladat re. Hpa majaw nga yang, membrane garan ai bungli ni hpe gaw, nta kata na nbung katsi ai shara hta galaw ai majaw, garan ai arung arai ni gaw, shanhte a shawng na atsam ni hpe naw tawn da nna, malu masha a shawng na nsam, manam pyaw ai baw, n-gun atsam, n-gun atsam ni hpe makawp maga ya ai, shamu shamawt ai arung arai ni a shamu shamawt lam hpe n-gun jaw ya ai. Shi hta lata la mai ai atsam grai law ai, bungli galaw ai ladat asan sha nga ai, jai lang mai ai lam law law nga ai, n-gun n law ai majaw malu masha galaw shapraw ai hta grai lang mai ai. Membrane garan ginhka ai lam gaw tsaban 20 a shawng daw de pru wa nna, 1960 ning hpang de lawan ladan dan dawng wa ai. Membrane garan ginhka ai hpaji masa gaw, garan ginhka ai, myit maju jung ai, jasan jaseng ai, hte jasan jaseng ai bungli ni hte, dai hta n-ga, shi a akyu rawng ai lam, n-gun hpe hkye la ai, grup yin hpe makawp maga ai, molecular-level filtration, hte asan sha hte loi ai{9}}to{-control filtration galaw ai ladat ni hpe grai lang wa sai. tsi hpaga lam, nhprang sut rai, n-gun atsam, sau sau, hka hpe jasan jaseng ai lam, electronics, bionics hte kaga fields ni hta, sut masa hte shinggyim nga pra masa hta akyu kaba ni hpe shabyin ya lu nna, daini na garan ginhka hpaji hta ahkyak dik ai ladat langai byin tai wa sai.
